{"id":4254,"date":"2020-10-07T17:10:44","date_gmt":"2020-10-07T15:10:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/?page_id=4254"},"modified":"2020-10-08T16:46:38","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T14:46:38","slug":"social-justice","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/glossary\/social-justice\/","title":{"rendered":"Social Justice"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='clear'><\/div><div id='sub_menu1'  class='av-submenu-container main_color  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  av-sticky-submenu  container_wrap fullsize' style='  z-index:301' ><div class='container av-menu-mobile-disabled '><ul id='av-custom-submenu-1' class='av-subnav-menu av-submenu-pos-right'>\n<li class='menu-item menu-item-top-level  menu-item-top-level-1'><a href='https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/glossary\/' ><span class='avia-bullet'><\/span><span class='avia-menu-text'>GLOSSARY<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/div><div class='sticky_placeholder'><\/div><div id='after_submenu'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize' style=' '  ><div class='container' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4254'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_one_fifth  no_margin flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding first  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_submenu  el_before_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-first  \" style='border-radius:0px; '><\/div>\n<div class=\"flex_column av_three_fifth  no_margin flex_column_div   avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_one_fifth  el_before_av_one_fifth  glossa-dettaglio \" style='background: #ffffff; padding:30px; background-color:#ffffff; border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  av_inherit_color '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>Social Justice<br \/>\n<\/strong>Marcella Milana<br \/>\nUniversity of Verona<\/p>\n<p>Developed in the field of political philosophy, the concept of social justice has also been employed in various human and social sciences, including educational sciences. At the same time, it has become common usage in wider public discourse. Therefore, there is no single interpretation of the concept.<br \/>\nDespite general agreement that the concept is rooted in classical Western philosophy and in particular Aristotelian thought evoking the idea of redistributive or corrective justice, several authors have argued that the purely \u2018social\u2019 facet of the concept is a product of modern thought (see Atkins &amp; Duckworth, 2019).<br \/>\nMost thinkers thus converge in noting that, over the last two centuries, the notion of \u2018justice\u2019 was progressively replaced by the notion of \u2018equality\u2019. In its substantive interpretation, equality was increasingly used to refer to the material means people possess and the redistribution of wealth, thus acquiring a \u2018social\u2019 quality. This led to one of the possible interpretations of the concept of \u2018social justice\u2019 as equality, and the resulting tendency to question how the form of social institutions, and in particular the national state, serves to ensure or impede equality between individuals and groups (See Cotroneo, 2014).<br \/>\nIt was as part of this line of thinking that John Rawls (1982\/1971) developed a political understanding of \u2018social justice\u2019 from a liberal point of view. In this perspective, the concept of justice is equated with that of \u2018equality as equity\u2019, which is in turn based on two fundamental principles: the equality of individual rights in terms of equal basic freedoms, and the simultaneous inequality of social and economic treatment as a means for guaranteeing equal opportunities in the socio-economic positioning of citizens. In other words, this perspective holds that unequal social and economic treatment is fair if it leads to greater benefits for less privileged members of society.<br \/>\nThe application of this concept in the educational sphere is rooted in the idea of a free and universal school system and the school as driver of change and social equalizer. Much of the current educational debate surrounding the concept of social justice, therefore, rests on the theoretical foundations of the concept of \u2018equality as equity\u2019. Nevertheless, it seems to give rise to at least two different lines of development, each of which is a main axes for the formulation of educational policies and practices in support of a more equitable society (see Tarozzi, 2014). On one hand, the concept of social justice (and the educational debate surrounding it) allows us to focus on the problems inherent in redistributing material and intellectual resources, etc. (social justice strictly speaking) while on the other hand, it brings our attention to bear on the issue of acknowledging cultural diversity. Nancy Fraser (1998) has argued, however, that these two apparently alternative meanings of social justice, as redistributive equity vs. the equity of cultural recognition, represent a false antithesis in that applying the concept of social justice, including in the educational field, involves both alternatives as necessary conditions for ensuring equal <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/glossary\/participation\/\">participation<\/a>. In other words, in order for all members of a society to interact \u201cas equals\u201d, it is necessary both to ensure individuals\u2019 autonomy in participation \u0336 by redistributing resources \u0336 and to institutionalize cultural models that \u201cexpress equal respect for all participants and ensure equal opportunities in achieving social esteem\u201d (Ibid., p.5).<br \/>\nIn the RE-SERVES project, therefore, the concept of social justice is understood in this dual sense.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Selected references<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Atkins, L., and Duckworth, V. (2019). Research Methods for Social Justice and Equity in Education. Bloomsbury Research Methods for Education. Bloomsbury.<\/p>\n<p>Cotroneo, G. (2014). Tra giustiza e uguaglianza. Il pensiero filosofico-politico del Novecento. Civitas Educationis, 3(2), 73-88.<\/p>\n<p>Fraser, N. (1998). Social justice in the age of identity politics: redistribution, recognition, participation. (Discussion Papers \/ Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fu\u0308r Sozialforschung, Forschungsschwerpunkt Arbeitsmarkt und Bescha\u0308ftigung, Abteilung Organisation und Bescha\u0308ftigung, 98-108). Berlin: Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin fu\u0308r Sozialforschung gGmbH. https:\/\/nbn-resolving.org\/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-126247<\/p>\n<p>Rawls, J. (1982), Teoria della giustizia (a cura di Sebastiano Maffettone; Trad. it. Ugo Santini). Feltrinelli. (Originariamente pubblicato nel 1971)<\/p>\n<p>Tarozzi, M. (2014). Educare alla giustizia sociale. Differenze culturali e diseguaglianze sociali. Civitas Educationis, 3(2), pp.73-88.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><div class=\"flex_column av_one_fifth  no_margin flex_column_div   avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_three_fifth  avia-builder-el-last  \" style='background: #ffffff; padding:30px; background-color:#ffffff; border-radius:0px; '><section class=\"av_textblock_section \"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock  '   itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong>How to cite this text:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Milana, M. (2020). Social Justice. In M. Milana &amp; P. Perillo (Cur.) RE-SERVES project: Glossary. <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/\">https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3042,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4254"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4254"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4254\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4388,"href":"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4254\/revisions\/4388"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sites.dsu.univr.it\/re-serves\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}